Plamenic The Belgrade Student Insurrection NLR 55 Gibbon Religion and Class in Ulster Ulster Peoples' Democracy Discussion on Strategy Althusser Freud and Lacan Avakian The People versus Standard Oil NLR 56 Tsoucalas Class Struggle and Dictatorship in Greece Marcuse The Concept of Revolution Colletti The Leninist State Glucksmann Lucien Goldmann-Humanist or Marxist?
NLR 57 Trabulsi Palestine: Zionism and Imperialism Hynynen Popular Front in Finland Chomsky Linguistics and Politics Cohen The Philosophy of Marcuse NLR appears bimonthly. A yearly subscription saves money and time, ana cosis c-om Nun. carise •t London wi Laos has 2/3 of the area of the two Vietnams, but only 10% of her population - 3 million. Most of the population are farmers living in village communities headed by chiefs, tassengs. Neither imperialist exploitation through plantations nor a local ruling class were anything like as developed as in Vietnam. Moreover, there was no dominant ethnic group: the major group, the Lao Lum of Thai origin lived in the plains; in the mountains were many more or less structured tribes, most noticeably the Meo of Chinese origin in the north, and the Thenh or kha (slaves) in the south. Village chiefs did have power over the peasants, but no developed system of land ownership existed; indeed, land was measured not by area, but by tne amount or nice needea to sow it The area now known as Laos was once united in a single kingdom in the fourteenth century, with the name Pathet Lao (roughly Lao State), but it disintegrated and by the eighteenth century was split up into areas controlled by neighbouring Thailand, Cambodia or Vietnam. Had the French not invaded in the nineteenth century the zone would have been gradually incorporated into the advancing state of central Vietnam. The French invaded in the 1890s, and tried to build up a local client ruling class by using the tassengs, increasing taxes and exacerbating inter-ethnic rivalries.
a number or usings punctuated tneir ruie but they were confined to single ethnic groups. The Lao Lum rose in 1901; the Lao Xung rose 1918-1922; and the Lao Thenh were in constant rebellion in the south from 1910 to 1937. When Ho founded the Indochinese Communist Party in 1931 it included Laotian militants, and one of the Thenh leaders, Kham Seng, sat on the Central Committee.
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Indonesia/ The Fruits of